• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Channeling for superconducting cable. Modular device of cylindrical shape, with three layers of that geometry, which from the outside are: an inner cylinder through whose axis the cable is laid, said cylinder being filled with a fluid that is in phase change equilibrium, and of which The steam produced is removed through micro-relief valves, and the liquid is replenished through other valves. The cylinder is surrounded by a vacuum ring, tight; which in turn is bathed on the outside by an external cooling fluid, which is also in equilibrium between liquid-vapor phases; and that it is contained in a cylindrical body shell, but with horizontal longitudinal flat top, from which hang the electric insulation hangers, which also hold all the parts of the interior of the device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2684420A1
    申请号:ES201830490
    申请日:2018-05-22
    公开日:2018-10-02
    发明作者:José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa；Javier Muñoz Antón
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Channeling for superconducting cable.
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The invention relates to the need to keep superconducting cables at a very low temperature.
    TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The problem is to configure a physical system that offers
    - Mechanical strength
    - Electrical isolation
    - Maintenance of very low temperatures in the fluid that bathes the cable
    The document with priority number EP20130305871 20130675 discloses a method of electrical connection between two superconducting cables, but makes no reference to how to maintain the low temperature necessary for superconduction. Similarly, JP2015032525 presents the connection terminal of a superconducting cable, but does not contain any system to maintain very low temperatures.
    Other types of documents are those that present novelties to compensate for dilations and contractions, such as document US2013298573 (A1), but the innovation in question is simply geometric-mechanical, without any thermal component.
    There are documents that refer to the cooling itself, such as CN102637482 (A) that deals with the cooling of an electric bridge or shunt through a group of pipes through which liquid nitrogen circulates, which is a fluid widely used in Cryogenics However, this document does not contain any precedent for the innovation presented here.
    Nor can the (already old) document DE 19732353336 19731024, which presents a detailed structure for superconducting cables, be considered directly preceding, without it containing components or arrangements at any point similar to those of the invention proposed herein.
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    Finally, it should be noted that patent ES 2598171 B2 is of the same authors as the present application, and deals with the same subject, but is due to a search for solutions of different physical nature.
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention takes advantage of the maintenance of the temperature during changes of state, particularly during evaporation, keeping the pressure constant or within the specified range.
    The interposition of a vacuum ring is added to it, in order to minimize the heat input to the cable, coming from the surrounding environment
    The invention consists of a cylindrical structure with multiple layers in radial direction, and composed of a plurality of repeated and consecutive modules in axial direction, with its axis in horizontal arrangement, the cable being located with its longitudinal axis in coincidence with the axis of the modular cylindrical structure, in which several layers are distinguished in each module, from the cable to the outside, starting with
    - a hollow inner cylinder, whose wall is of solid material resistant to temperature and working pressure, which are associated with the temperature requirement imposed by the superconductor, which determines the choice of the fluid that fills the inner cylinder, which is in equilibrium liquid-vapor at said required temperature, with a working pressure that must be the atmospheric of the place, said fluid being able to select between helium, neon, hydrogen, or nitrogen, or any fluid that is liquid-vapor equilibrium at said temperature and pressure of work, leaving the cylinder full of said fluid, except for what the cable occupies, which passes through the axial central area of the cylinder, and is held in position by U-hangers, whose tips are fixed at the highest part of the wall of the inner cylinder, whose ends are closed by individual plugs, which have a central hole through which the cable passes, whose length can be r far superior to the inner cylinder, which is closed at its ends by the action of the plugs, which also adjust to each other two consecutive cylinder ends, because the cylinders are arranged one after the other, plug against plug, remaining each sealed cylinder, except for
    - the steam relief cannula contained in the inner cylinder, which pierces and passes through the plug of one end of the inner cylinder, called the steam end, connecting said cannula with the outer valve that opens when the working pressure is exceeded, and closes by under it; having the liquid injection cannula in the end cap, which enters the most part
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    it lowers the inner cylinder, and injects liquid at a lower temperature than the working one, with a higher pressure than the working one, when its injection valve is opened;
    - connecting said relief cannula, with its valve, from the inner cylinder to the inner steam collecting duct, and connecting the injection cannula, with its valve, from the inner liquid supply conduit to the inner cylinder;
    - the second layer being a cylindrical vacuum ring, composed of two semi-rings, lower and upper, in the form of a vault, which are assembled together by contact surfaces, the lower half-ring being below the inner cylinder, and the superior above; each semi-ring consisting of two concentric cylindrical walls, separated from each other by the flat closing caps at each end, in addition to an internal structure that is selected from a set of vaults or cylindrical radial legs: the entire empty cylindrical ring being inside of an outer cylinder, which hangs from a series of U-strings, made of beads of electrical insulating material, said U hanging from the upper cover of the outer fluid conduit, and calling the inner cylinder assembly with its internal evaporation module with its content, its caps and cannulas, plus the surrounding vacuum ring:
    - said outer fluid being selected from nitrogen, argon, or any substance that is in liquid-vapor equilibrium at atmospheric pressure, and at a temperature above that of the inner fluid; the outer fluid conduit, or outer conduit, consisting of a space that develops longitudinally, like the entire structure around the cable, and that radially is the space between the outer cylinder, and the outer shell, consisting of a main body in U, which rests on the ground, in the foundation or in the ditch that has been prepared, plus a horizontal cover on its upper part;
    - and the steam that accumulates in the upper part of the outer conduit, is sent to the atmosphere when its relief valve works, because the setpoint pressure of said valve is reached; There are also at least two external fluid injection valves in the liquid phase in each housing; and each housing integrates a number of consecutive modules, each with its inner cylinder and its vacuum ring, all hanging from the housing cover through the U-hangers.
    The hangers that hang from the upper roof of the housing and support everything inside the outer cylinder, are made of electrical insulating material; which supports the potential difference between the outer shell, which is connected to ground, and the outer cylinder, and everything contained from it to the cable, which is at the tension of the cable.
    By said arrangement of the electric voltage, each penetration of a surface that is tension
    electrical different from the element that transfers it, consists of a hole in said surface, in the
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    that a piece of insulating material in the form of a circular crown is crimped, which may be in the form of a protuberance, with inner and outer radii of said crown that are consistent with the difference in electrical tension between the surface and the element that goes through it.
    On the inner face of each inner cylinder, at least two liquid-vapor differentiators are located, one at the maximum height of the inner face, and another at half the height between the above-mentioned level, and the upper level of the cable; said differentiators being useful, to ensure that the liquid free surface is located between both differentiators (which are not part of the invention, and that they are active thermocouples, which are connected and disconnected with a certain frequency, and by the response of the transient, know if the thermocouple is bathed in liquid, or steam).
    Similarly, at least two differentiators are located on the inner face of the outer casing, so that the one above indicates the maximum level of the free surface of the liquid phase of the outer fluid, and the differentiator below. The minimum level.
    The collected vapors, either from the inner cylinder, or from the outer conduit, can be released into the atmosphere, if they are safe and cheap, such as nitrogen, which is replenished from commercial bottles or cylinders, through the injection cannulas.
    Alternatively, the vapors can be condensed again, by any of the commercially available methods, and once in the liquid phase, they are injected again, through the corresponding cannulas.
    EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    The figures, in general, are not to scale, since the relative sizes of the elements are very different; but they are representative of the invention and its operating principles.
    Figure 1 shows a diagram, in longitudinal straight section, of the modular structure that extends along the cable to maintain its working temperature.
    Figure 2 shows the diagram of the cross-sectional section of an evaporation module.
    Figure 3 shows the longitudinal straight section of two consecutive evaporation modules, with their multilayer cylindrical structure, although the outer shell corresponds to a U-section with a flat lid (fig. 2). The module on the left shows the end through which the liquid enters the inner cylinder; and the module on the right shows the end through which the steam is extracted. The modules are replica of each other.
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    In order to facilitate the understanding of the figures of the invention, and of their embodiments, the relevant elements thereof are listed below:
    1. Cable
    2. Internal evaporation module.
    3. Module assembly serviced by external cooling module.
    4. Ejector of the outer fluid that vaporizes in the outer duct, inside the housing. It is complemented with element 4a, which is the injector of said fluid from a cryogenic system external to the invention, or from commercial bottles of said liquid, liquefied.
    5. Ejectors of the inner fluid, which vaporizes in the inner cylinder; which is complemented with elements 5a, which are the injectors of said fluid from a cryogenic system external to the invention, or from commercial bottles of said fluid, liquefied. .
    6. Internal fluid, direct coolant of the cable, which evaporates in the inner cylinder.
    7. Said fluid, in a vapor state, that escapes through the cannula.
    8. U-pendants that hold the cable from the inner side of the inner cylinder.
    9. Inner cylinder, which is defined by its own cylindrical wall.
    10. Steam pressure relief cannula of the inner cylinder. It is complemented with the valve 10a, which regulates the passage of steam, according to the liquid content of the inner cylinder. (The set 10 plus 10a is the physical expression of the elements 5 of Figure 1)
    11. Piece of electrical insulator to cross a surface at different voltage.
    12. Steam collector.
    13. Inner fluid cannula, coolant, cable, in liquid state. It is complemented with the valve 13a, which regulates the passage of liquid, according to the content of said liquid that the inner cylinder has, and with the inner fluid supply tube in liquid phase, 13b. (The set 13 plus 13a is the physical expression of the elements 5a of Figure 1).
    14. Interior wall of the vacuum ring.
    15. Cylindrical vacuum ring, consisting of two semi-rings with a vault shape, lower (15 a) and upper (15 b)
    16. Exterior wall of said ring.
    17. Reinforcement radii between the two walls of said ring
    18. Assembly surface between the upper and lower half rings of the cylindrical vacuum ring.
    19. External cylinder, which internally delimits the external fluid conduit
    20. Clamping hangers of the outer cylinder, which includes the vacuum ring and the inner cylinder, these hangers being also electrical insulators.
    21. External fluid, usually nitrogen, that fills the fluid conduit between the outer cylinder and the housing.
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    22. Evaporated vapor of the external fluid, in general nitrogen, 21.
    23. External housing.
    24. Housing cover 23
    25. Vapor relief tube and valve of the external fluid, which in turn is the materialization of element 4.
    26. Tube and injection valve of the external fluid, in liquid phase, which in turn is the materialization of element 4a.
    27. Sealing cap at the open ends of the inner cylinder. A special case is denoted by 27a, which is the plug pierced by the relief cannula (10); and another is the cap 27b pierced by the injection cannula (13).
    28. Gasket or circumferential flange for sealing the opposite plugs of two consecutive modules.
    29.. Liquid-vapor differentiating thermocouple, which marks the upper level at which the liquid phase of the inner fluid can reach.
    30. Liquid-vapor differentiating thermocouple, which marks the lower level at which the liquid phase of the inner fluid can descend.
    31. Liquid-vapor differentiating thermocouple, which marks the upper level at which the liquid phase of the external fluid can reach.
    32. Liquid-vapor differentiating thermocouple, which marks the lower level to which the liquid phase of the external fluid can descend.
    33. External fluid conduit, confined between the outer face of the outer cylinder (19) and the inside of the housing (23) and its cover (24)
    EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The invention has two complementary parts:
    - The mechanical structure that provides the stability and functionality of containers and pipes, and that can be manufactured with various materials, depending on the design pressure to confine the fluids used, and the mounting and operating temperatures;
    - Working fluids, which must meet very clear requirements in their thermodynamic properties, and which are very specific to this invention.
    Regarding the latter, it should be noted that the saturation temperatures of the fluids of greatest interest, a = 0.1MPa of pressure,
    - Hydrogen, 20.3 K
    - Helium, 4.2 K
    - Neon, 27 K
    - Nitrogen, 77 K
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    Argon, 87.2 K
    If the superconductor requires very low temperatures, a commercially available solution is to use hydrogen as the inner fluid, and nitrogen in the housing filler. If such low cable temperatures are not required, nitrogen can be used as the inner fluid, and argon outside.
    Note that when setting two temperatures, thanks to two changes of state, what is done is to set the heat load (usually measured in linear density of incoming power) that reaches the inner fluid, through the vacuum ring, especially at through the thermal conduction bridges that are established by the structure, which are fundamentally the reinforcement radii.
    As a reference for thermal load, you can take a cable that carries 1 GW of electrical power, and has a dissipation of 1 mW / m (1 W / km). This could correspond to a type 2 superconductor, for example MgB2, working with a voltage of 250 kV and an intensity of 4 kA.
    To calculate the heat that enters through the reinforcement radii (17), we will choose for these, and for the walls of the vacuum ring, a polymeric material of hardened resins and glass wool, with a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W / mK ; and each radius is 5 cm long and 1 cm2 in section. Since there is (at most) 57 K difference between the ends of each radius (assuming the indicated choice of H2 and N2) the inward heat flux will be 0.157 / 0.05 = 114 W / m2
    And therefore for each reinforcement radius conducts 0.0114 W. If 20 radios per meter are allowed, a thermal load of 0.228 W / m would be obtained, much higher than that of the cable. This charge is compensated with hydrogen evaporation, which under these conditions has a latent heat of 448 kJ / kg. This means an evaporation of 0.5 mg / sm. In 1 km, the evaporation would be 0.5 g / s, which is an insignificant amount, although it would have to be compensated, either by condensing the steam to put it back into the inner cylinder, or by filling this cylinder with liquefied commercial H2.
    This commercial product consumes, in its preparation, 25 kJ / g which means that to replace what is lost in 1 km, a power (electric, compressor activation) of 12.5 kW would be required.
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    If we consider it with respect to a nominal power of the 1 GW cable, the losses associated with maintaining the temperature would be of the order of ten millionths per km (which is negligible).
    For assembly, the cable (1) would go through the consecutive modules, without even tightening these, which would be done later, tightening the plugs (27) to give the system tightness, which is complemented with the flange 28.
    The relief (10) and injection (13) cannulas were previously assembled inside the caps 27a and 27b respectively.
    The set of consecutive modules, still empty, is embraced by the hangers (20) which must then be fixed to the corresponding point of the cover (24) of the housing; being hung therein all the interior elements of the system, such as the vacuum ring (15) and the inner cylinder (9), whose outer face practically coincides with the inner wall (14) of the vacuum ring.
    Once the mechanical part is assembled, the inner cylinder (9) must be filled with the corresponding fluid (6), and also the housing (23) with its own (21).
    In the example that is being exposed, it is hydrogen in the inner cylinder and nitrogen in the outside (housing). First, the latter must be filled in to temper the entire assembly at 77 K of liquid nitrogen, which is also cheap and easy to use (it is used in many applications, including dermatology). The hydrogen is subsequently charged, injecting it through the cannulas (13). The first recharge is slow and consumes hydrogen, as it has to cool the entire structure. Once stationary conditions have been reached, hydrogen consumption has already been seen to be irrelevant (0.5 g / skm which represents just over 15 tons per km and year). It can also be exposed in volume, which in normal conditions represent just under 6 liters per km, every second. This does not imply any risk, because hydrogen does not burn virulently until it exceeds 4% molar, which means that the danger is associated with a total volume of air of 6 / 0.04 liters, that is to say 0,150 m3, if admits 1s as the transit time of hydrogen through the cloud of its diffusion as it comes out of pressure relief (if it is not captured to condense it). That cloud would have a straight section of 1.5 cm2, which would actually be smaller than the straight section of the pipeline itself, which would be a little less than 500 cm2 altogether. It could therefore be considered that the invention is realizable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
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    1 - Channeling for superconducting cable, characterized in that it consists of a cylindrical structure with multiple layers in radial direction, and composed of a plurality of repeated and consecutive modules in axial direction, with its axis in horizontal arrangement, the cable being (1) located with its longitudinal axis in coincidence with the axis of the modular cylindrical structure, in which several layers are distinguished in each module, from the cable to the outside, starting with
    - a hollow inner cylinder (9), whose wall is of solid material resistant to temperature and working pressure, which are associated with the temperature requirement imposed by the superconductor, which determines the choice of the fluid that fills the inner cylinder, which it is in liquid-vapor equilibrium at said required temperature, with a working pressure that must be the atmospheric of the place, the cylinder being filled with said fluid (6), except for what the cable occupies, which passes through the axial central zone cylinder, and is held in position by U-hangers (8), whose tips are fixed at the highest part of the inner cylinder wall, whose ends are closed by two plugs (27), which have a central hole through which the cable passes, whose length can be much greater than that of the inner cylinder, it being closed at its ends by the action of the plugs, which also bump into each other, those of two ends of consecutive cylinders, as the cylinders are arranged one after the other, plug against plug, each cylinder being sealed, except for
    - the relief cannula (10) of the steam (7) contained in the inner cylinder, which cannula pierces and passes through the plug (27a) of one end of the inner cylinder, called the steam end, connecting said cannula with the outer valve ( 10a) that opens when the working pressure is exceeded, and closes below it; having the liquid injection cannula (13) in the cap at the other end (27b), which enters the lower part of the inner cylinder (9), and injects liquid at a lower temperature than the working one, with a pressure higher than the working one, when its injection valve (13a) is opened;
    - connecting said relief cannula (10), with its valve (10a), from the top of the inner cylinder (9) to the inner steam collecting duct (12), and connecting the injection cannula (13), with its valve (13a), from the inner liquid supply line (13b) to the inner cylinder (9);
    - the second layer being a cylindrical vacuum ring (15), composed of two semi-rings, lower (15 a) and upper (15 b), in the form of a vault, which are joined together by contact surfaces (18 ), leaving the lower half-ring under the inner cylinder (9), and the upper one above; each semi-ring consisting of two concentric cylindrical walls, separated
    each other by the flat closing caps at each end, in addition to an internal structure that
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    select between a set of vaults or cylindrical radial legs (17): the entire cylindrical vacuum ring remaining inside an outer cylinder (19), which hangs from a series of U-strings (20), made of beads of insulating material electrical, said U of the upper cover (24) of the outer fluid conduit (33) hanging, and the inner cylinder module (27) with its contents, its plugs (27) and its cannulas (10 and) being called evaporation module 13), plus the vacuum ring (15) that surrounds it;
    - the outer fluid conduit, or outer conduit (33), consisting of a space that develops longitudinally, like the entire structure around the cable, and which radially is the space between the outer cylinder (19), and the outer shell (23), this housing consisting of a U-shaped main body, which rests on the ground, in the foundation or in the ditch that has been prepared, plus a horizontal cover (24) in its upper part.
    [2]
    2. Channeling for superconducting cable, according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal cooling fluid (6) is a fluid selecting between helium, neon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
    3 - Channeling for superconducting cable, according to claim one or two, characterized in that the steam that accumulates in the upper part of the outer conduit (33), is sent to the atmosphere when its relief valve (25) works, because it reaches the set pressure of said valve; there being also in each housing, at least two injection valves (26) of external fluid in liquid phase; and each housing integrates a number of consecutive modules, each with its inner cylinder (9) and its vacuum ring (15), all hanging from the cover (24) of the housing through the U-hangers (20) .
    [4]
    4. - Channeling for superconducting cable, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hangers (20) that hang from the upper roof (24) of the housing and support everything inside the outer cylinder, are made of electrical insulating material; which supports the potential difference between the outer casing (23), which is connected to ground, and the outer cylinder, and everything contained from it to the cable (1), which is at the cable tension.
    [5]
    5. - Channeling for superconducting cable, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each penetration of a surface that is electrical voltage different from the element that passes it, consists of a hole in said surface, in which a piece is crimped of insulating material in the form of a circular crown (11), which can in turn be in the form of a protuberance, with inner and outer radii of said crown that are consistent with the
    difference in electrical voltage between the surface and the element that crosses it.
    eleven
    6 - Channeling for superconducting cable, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two liquid-vapor differentiators, one (29) are located on the maximum face dimension of each inner cylinder (9). inside, and another (30) in the middle of the height between the above dimension, and the upper dimension of the cable (1); Y
    5 at least two other differentiators are located on the inner face of the outer casing (23), such that the one above (31) indicates the maximum level of the free surface of the liquid phase of the outer fluid, and the differentiator that is below (32), indicates the minimum level.
    7 - Channel for superconducting cable, according to any one of the preceding claims 10 characterized in that the destination of the vapors collected from the inner cylinders,
    is selected from
    - be released into the atmosphere, with replacement of new liquid from commercial bottles or cylinders, through the injection cannulas;
    - be condensed again, by any of the commercially available methods, and once in a liquid phase, they are injected again, through the corresponding cannulas
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2684420B2|2019-03-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20060260837A1|2003-08-22|2006-11-23|Vasilios Manousiouthakis|Conduction cooling of a superconducting cable|
    US20140378312A1|2011-12-14|2014-12-25|Railway Technical Research Institute|Superconducting cable, and device and method for cooling superconducting cable|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830490A|ES2684420B2|2018-05-22|2018-05-22|Channeling for superconducting cable|ES201830490A| ES2684420B2|2018-05-22|2018-05-22|Channeling for superconducting cable|
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